imµç¾º¡¤(Öйú)

£¨±¾ÎÄÔ­ÔØÓÚ¡¶Öйú¶¯Îï±£½¡¡·2011ÄêµÚ11Ô¿¯£©

Öܳ¼·É£¬Àî¿¡»Ô£¬¼¾³¯½ð

£¨ÆÖ³Çimµç¾ºÓÐÏÞ¹«Ë¾ ¸£½¨ÄÏƽ 353400 £©

¹Ø¼ü´Ê£º¸Ë¾úëÄп£»ÑǼ׻ùË®ÑîËá¸Ë¾úëÄ£»¿¹ÉúËØ£»ËÇÁÏÌí¼Ó¼Á

Application of Bacitracin as antibacterial feed additive in cultivation

Zhou  Chenfei, Li Junhui, Ji Chaojin

(Pucheng Lifecome Biochemistry Co., Ltd.  Nanping Fujian353400)

Abstract£ºBacitracin as an antibacterial feed additive,  its history is more than 50 years. We mainly summarized pharmacology¡¢toxicity security¡¢animal health efficiency and application of commercial Bacitracin products(Bacitracin zinc and Bacitracin Methylene Disalicylate ) in this paper.

Key words£ºBacitracin zinc£»Bacitracin Methylene Disalicylate£»Antibiotic£»feed additive

¸Ë¾úëÄÊÇ1945ÄêÓÉÃÀ¹ú¸çÂ×±ÈÑÇ´óѧJohnsonÊ״δӸÐȾÉË¿ÚÖз¢Ïֵģ¬ÊÇÓɿݲÝÑ¿æ߸˾ú£¨Bacillus Subtilis£©·ÖÃÚ²úÉúµÄÒ»ÖÖ²úÎï¡£ÔçÔÚ1960Ä꣬ÃÀ¹úÅú×¼¸Ë¾úëÄ×÷ΪËÇÁÏÌí¼Ó¼ÁʹÓã¬1990ÄêÖйúÅú×¼Æä¿É×÷ΪËÇÁÏÌí¼Ó¼ÁʹÓ㬸˾úëÄ×÷ΪÐóÇÝ´ÙÉú³¤¼ÁʹÓÃÒÑÓÐ50¶àÄêµÄÀúÊ·ÁË¡£µ½Ä¿Ç°ÎªÖ¹£¬ÓÉÓڸ˾úëÄÔÚ¶¯Îï±£½¡Öдٽø¾ßÓж¯ÎïÉú³¤£¬ÒÖÖƶ¯ÎﳦµÀÖÐÓк¦Î¢ÉúÎïµÄÉú³¤¡¢Ìá¸ß»úÌåÃâÒßÄÜÁ¦·½ÃæµÄ×÷Óã¬ÔÚ¶¯ÎïÖÐÎÞÐÝÒ©ÆÚ¡¢¼¸ºõÎÞ¶¾¡¢¶ÔÃô¸Ð¾úÎÞÄÍÒ©ÐÔ¡¢ÔÚÍÁÈÀÖÐÒ×½µ½âµÈÌص㣬ʹÆäÔÚ¹úÄÚÍâ±»¹ã·ºÊ¹ÓÃÔÚÐóÇÝÑøÖ³ÒµÖС£

1 ¸Ë¾úëĵÄÀí»¯ÐÔÖÊ

¸Ë¾úëÄΪ°×É«ºÍ½ü°×É«Ò×ÎüʪµÄ·ÛÄ©£¬Ò×ÈÜÓÚË®ºÍÒÒ´¼ÖУ¬ÊÇÒ»ÖÖ»·×´¶àëÄÀà¿ÓÉúËØ£¬Ö÷ÒªÓɵØÒÂÑ¿æ߸˾ú£¨Bacillus Licheniformis£©ºÍ¿Ý²ÝÑ¿æ߸˾ú£¨Bacillus Subtilis£©²úÉú¡£¸Ë¾úëÄÓÉÒ»×é½á¹¹ÀàËƵĶàëĸ´ºÏÎï×é³É£¬½á¹¹ÀàËÆÎïÖ÷ÒªÓи˾úëÄA¡¢B1¡¢B2¡¢B3£¬¸Ë¾úëÄC1¡¢C2¡¢C3ºÍ¸Ë¾úëÄF£¬¸Ë¾úëÄFΪ¸Ë¾úëÄAµÄÑõ»¯½µ½â²úÎï¡£¸Ë¾úëÄA¡¢B1¡¢B2ºÍB3Õ¼¸Ë¾úëĸ´ºÏÎï×Ü¿¹¾ú»îÐÔµÄ96%£¬ÆäÖи˾úëÄAµÄ»îÐÔ×îÇ¿£¬¸Ë¾úëÄAµÄ·Ö×ÓÁ¿Îª1422.72£¬¸Ë¾úëÄBµÄ·Ö×ÓÁ¿Îª1408.69¡£¸Ë¾úëÄÓÉ12¸ö°±»ùËá×é³É£¬Æä»ù±¾½á¹¹ÎªÒ»¸ö»·×´½á¹¹£¨7¸ö°±»ùËᣩºÍÒ»¸öÁ´×´½á¹¹£¨5¸ö°±»ùËᣩ¡£

2 ¸Ë¾úëĵÄÒ©Àí×÷ÓÃ

¸Ë¾úëĶԴó¶àÊý¸ïÀ¼ÊÏÑôÐÔ¾úÈçÁ´Çò¾ú£¨Streptococcus£©¡¢½ð»ÆÉ«ÆÏÌÑÇò¾ú£¨Staphylococcus aureus£©¡¢³¦Çò¾ú£¨Enterococci£©¡¢É³ÃÅÊϾú£¨Salmonella£©¡¢Ëó×´Ñ¿æ߸˾ú£¨Clostridium£©¡¢°ô×´¸Ë¾ú£¨Corynebacterium£©µÈ¾ßÓÐÒÖ¾ú»îÐÔ¡£´ËÍ⣬¸Ë¾úëÄ»¹¶Ô·ÅÏßÌåºÍÂÝÐýÌåÒ²ÓÐЧ¹û¡£

ÄÍÒ©ÐÔÒò×Ó£¨Resistence factor£©ÊÇ´æÔÚÓÚijЩϸ¾úµÄÒ»ÖÖÖÊÁ££¬ÓÉÏàÁ¬µÄÁ½¸öDNAƬ¶Î×é³É£¬¼´¿¹ÐÔתÒÆÒò×Ó£¨Resistence Transfor Factor£¬ RTF £©ºÍ¿¹ÐÔ¾ö¶¨RÒò×Ó£¨R-determinant£©¡£¿¹ÐÔ¾ö¶¨RÒò×Ó¾ö¶¨Ï¸¾úµÄ¿¹ÐÔ£¬RTF¿ØÖÆÖÊÁ£µÄתÒÆ£¬ÖÊÁ£·¢ÉúתÒÆ£¬Ï¸¾úµÄ¿¹ÐÔËæÖ®¸Ä±ä¡£Mathers(2008)Ñо¿±íÃ÷£¬¸Ë¾úëÄпºÍÑǼ׻ùË®ÑîËá¸Ë¾úëÄÔÚŨ¶È100-500ppmʱ¿ÉÓÐЧµØÒÖÖÆE. coli HB101ÖеÄÖÊÁ£µÄ¿¹ÐÔתÒÆ[1]¡£

ͨ³££¬¸Ë¾úëÄÐèÓë½ðÊôÀë×ÓÈçпÀë×Ó£¨Zn2+£©»òÑǼ׻ùË®ÑîËᣨMethylene Disalicylate£©ÂçºÏÐγÉÂçºÏÎïºóÔö¼Ó¸Ë¾úëĵÄÎȶ¨ÐÔ¡£Richar H µÈ£¨1961£©µÈÑо¿±íÃ÷£¬Ð¿Àë×ÓÓë¸Ë¾úëÄÂçºÏºó»¹¿ÉÔö¼Ó¸Ë¾úëĵĻîÐÔ[2]¡£Òò´Ë¸Ë¾úëÄ×÷ΪËÇÁÏÌí¼Ó¼ÁʹÓã¬Ö÷ÒªÓи˾úëÄпºÍÑǼ׻ùË®ÑîËá¸Ë¾úëÄÁ½ÖÖÐÎʽ¡£

Siewert£¨1987£©Ñо¿±íÃ÷£¬¸Ë¾úëÄпºÍÑǼ׻ùË®ÑîËá¸Ë¾úëĵÄÒÖ¾ú»úÀíΪ£º¸Ë¾úëÄΪÀàÖ¬Öʽ¹Á×ËáµÄÌØÒìÐÔÒÖÖƼÁ£¬ÄÜÒÖÖÆϸ¾úϸ°ûÕغϳɽ׶εÄÍÑÁ×Ëữ×÷Óã¬Ó°ÏìÁ×Ö¬µÄתÔ˼°Ïòϸ°û±ÚÖ§¼ÜÊäËÍð¤ëÄ£¬´Ó¶øÒÖÖÆϸ¾úϸ°û±ÚµÄºÏ³É[3]¡£

¸Ë¾úëÄпºÍÑǼ׻ùË®ÑîËá¸Ë¾úëĽøÈ붯ÎïÏû»¯µÀºó£¬ÔÚÌåÄÚ·Ö½â³É¸Ë¾úëÄ¡¢Ð¿Àë×Ó»òÑǼ׻ùË®ÑîËᣬпÀë×Ó»òÑǼ׻ùË®ÑîËá±»ÎüÊÕÀûÓ㬸˾úëļ¸ºõ²»±»¶¯ÎﳦµÀ¡¢Æ¤·ô¡¢³¦Õ³Ä¤ËùÎüÊÕ[4]£¬´ó²¿·ÖËæ·à±ãÅųöÌåÍ⣬ÉÙÁ¿±»ÎüÊյĸ˾úëÄͨ¹ýÉöСÇòÂ˹ý×÷ÓÃÅųöÌåÍâ[5]£¬FDA¹æ¶¨ÆäÐÝÒ©ÆÚΪ0Ìì¡£FDA(1999)×ÊÁÏÏÔʾ£¬ËÇιС¼¦1100ppmÑǼ׻ùË®ÑîËá¸Ë¾úëÄ8ÖܺͲúµ°¼¦5¸öÔ£¬ÔÚ¼¦×éÖ¯¡¢µ°ÇåºÍµ°»ÆÖÐδ¼ì³ö¸Ë¾úëIJÐÁô[6]¡£ÓÉÓڸ˾úëĶÔÉöÔàÓнϸߵĶ¾ÐÔ£¬¸Ë¾úëÄпºÍÑǼ׻ùË®ÑîËá¸Ë¾úëIJ»Ò×È«Éí¸øÒ©£¬×¢Éäʱ¶¾ÐÔ¸ü´ó¡£

3 ¶¾ÀíÓ밲ȫ

     Ñо¿½á¹û±íÃ÷£¬¸Ë¾úëÄп¶Ô´óÊó¿Ú·þLD50Ϊ10000 mg/kg£¬¶ÔСÊóΪ´óÓÚ12500 mg/kg£¬ÊµÎªÎÞ¶¾£»¶ÔСÊó¹ÇËèÊȶàȾºìϸ°û΢ºËÊÔÑé¡¢ ØºÍèȾɫÌå»û±äÊÔÑé¼°AmesÊÔÑ飬½á¹û¾ùΪÒõÐÔ[7]¡£

ÔÚ»·¾³°²È«ÉÏ£ºFDA(1998)×ÊÁÏÏÔʾ£¬ÓÃ57.5ppmºÍ104ppm¸Ë¾úëÄпËÇιÓã110Ì죬δ·¢ÏÖÓи±×÷Óã¬Óã×éÖ¯ÖÐδ¼ì²â³ö¸Ë¾úëIJÐÁô£»ÔÚÿ¶ÖÖí»ò¼¦ËÇÁÏÖÐÌí¼Ó500¿Ë¸Ë¾úëÄп»òÑǼ׻ùË®ÑîËá¸Ë¾úëÄ£¬ÖíºÍ¼¦Ëæ·à±ãÅųöµÄ¸Ë¾úëĵİëË¥ÆÚΪ2-4Ì죬ÔÚ×ÔÈ»Ìõ¼þÏ£¬½µ½â³É°±»ùËáºÍÑÎÀàÎïÖÊ£¬¸Ë¾úëÄAÑõ»¯½µ½âΪ¼¸ºõÎÞ»îÐԵĸ˾úëÄF£¬¶ÔÍÁÈÀµÄ΢Éú̬»·¾³¼¸ºõÎÞÓ°Ï죻¸Ë¾úëĶÔÀ¥³æµÄ¶¾ÐÔ¼«µÍ£¬ËÇιÃ×Ïó¼×Ó׳棨Rice-weevil larvae£©20000ppmµÄ¸Ë¾úëIJűíÏÖ³öµÍ¶¾ÐÔ[8]¡£ËÇι¶¯Îï¸Ë¾úëĺ󣬿ɼõÉÙ¶Ô»·¾³²»ÀûµÄÎÂÊÒÆøÌåN2OµÈµªÔ´ÅÅ·Å[9]¡£ÁíÍ⣬¸Ë¾úëĶÔϸ¾ú²»»á²úÉúÄÍÒ©ÐÔ£¬ÓëÆäËû¿¹ÉúËع²ÓÃʱ²»»á²úÉú½»²æÄÍÒ©ÐÔ¡£

4 ¸Ë¾úëÄпºÍÑǼ׻ùË®ÑîËá¸Ë¾úëĵÄÔÚÐóÇÝÖеÄÓ¦ÓÃЧ¹û

     ¸Ë¾úëÄпºÍÑǼ׻ùË®ÑîËá¸Ë¾úëÄÓ¦ÓÃÔÚÐóÇÝÑøÖ³ÖÐÖ÷Òª×÷ÓÃÓУº£¨1£©¶Ô»¼²¡¶¯ÎïµÄÖÎÁÆ×÷Ó㻣¨2£©Ô¤·À¶¯Îï¼²²¡µÄ¸ÐȾ£»£¨3£©Ìá¸ßËÇÁÏת»¯Âʺʹٽø¶¯ÎïÉú³¤¡£

¸Ë¾úëÄпºÍÑǼ׻ùË®ÑîËá¸Ë¾úëÄͨ¹ýµ÷¿Ø¶¯ÎﳦµÀ΢ÉúÎï¾úȺ·¢»Ó×÷Óã¬ÆäÓ볦µÀ΢ÉúÎï¾úȺµÄÏà¹Ø×÷ÓõĽá¹ûÊÇ£ºÌá¸ß¶¯ÎïµÄÏû»¯¡¢´úл¡¢ÓªÑøÎïÖʵÄÎüÊպͷÖÑ¡ÄÜÁ¦£¬Èç̼ˮ»¯ºÏÎï¡¢µ°°×ÖÊ¡¢°±»ùËá¡¢¿óÎïÖÊ¡¢Î¬ÉúËصÈ£¬ÔöÇ¿¶ÔËÇÁϵÄÀûÓÃÂÊ£¬¼õÉÙ¶ÔËÇÁϵÄÉãÈ¡ÂÊ¡£ÁíÍ⣬¸Ë¾úëÄпºÍÑǼ׻ùË®ÑîËá¸Ë¾úëÄÔÚά³Ö¶¯ÎïÎȶ¨ËÇÁÏÉãÈëÁ¿µÄÇ°ÌáÏ£¬¼õÉÙ´úлµÄÎÉÂÒÏÖÏóµÄ·¢Éú£¬Ìá¸ß¶¯ÎïµÄÃâÒßÌØÐÔ£¬Ô¤·ÀÖØÒªµÄ³¦µÀ¼²²¡£¬Î¬³Ö¸ßˮƽµÄ¶¯Î｡¿µ¡£

FDAÅú×¼¸Ë¾úëÄпºÍÑǼ׻ùË®ÑîËá¸Ë¾úëÄʹÓÃÔÚÅ£¡¢¼ÒÇÝ¡¢ÖíÖУ¬°Ä´óÀûÑÇÅú×¼ÆäʹÓÃÔÚ¼ÒÇÝÖС£¾­¹ý¶àÄêµÄÑо¿×ܽᣬ¸Ë¾úëÄÀàËÇÁÏÌí¼Ó¼ÁÔÚ¼ÒÐóºÍ¼ÒÇÝÖÐʹÓþßÓÐÒÔϵÄÓŵ㣺(1)½µµÍ¶¯ÎïµÄµªÔ´ÅÅ·Å£¬¼õÉÙµªÔ´ÎÛȾ£»£¨2£©Ôö¼Ó¶¯ÎïµÄÌåÖØ£»£¨3£©½µµÍ¶¯Îﵥλ²úÁ¿µÄËùÐèÒªµÄËÇÁÏ£»£¨4£©¿ØÖƶ¯ÎﻵËÀÐÔ³¦Ñ×£»£¨4£©¿ØÖÆÖí·±Ö³¹ý³ÌµÄ³¦µÀ¼²²¡£»£¨5£©½ÚÔ¼¶¯Îï°±»ùËáÐèÒª£»£¨6£©½ÚÔ¼ÄÜÁ¿£»£¨7£©Ìá¸ß¶¯ÎïÈÈÄÍÊÜÁ¦£»£¨8£©½µµÍ¹«Öí³ô£¨Boar taint£©£»£¨9£©¿É½µµÍ΢ÉúÎï¶ÔÆäËû¿¹ÉúËصĿ¹ÐԺͿ¹ÐÔתÒÆ£»£¨10£©Ìá¸ßÃâÒßÌØÐÔ[9]¡£

ÈÈÓ¦¼¤ÊÇ»·¾³Î¶ȳ¬¹ý¼ÒÐóµÄÊÊÒËζÈʱ£¬¼ÒÐóµÄÉúÀíÓëÐÐΪ·¢ÉúÓ¦´ïÐÔµÄÄÜÁ¦¡£ÔÚÈ«ÇòÐÔ·¶Î§µÄ¶¯ÎïÑøÖ³ÖУ¬ÓÉÓÚ»·¾³¸ßεÄÒòËØ£¬Ã¿Äê»áÔì³É¶¯ÎïËÀÍöÂʵÄÔö¼Ó¡¢½µµÍ¶¯Îï²úÆ·²úÁ¿¡£M?nner ºÍWangÑо¿±íÃ÷£¬ÔÚÈȼ±Ìõ¼þÏ£¨34¡æ£©£¬ÔÚµ°¼¦ËÇÁÏÖÐÌí¼Ó100ppm¸Ë¾úëÄп£¬Óë¶ÔÕÕÏà±È£¬ÏÔÖøµØ½µµÍÁ˼¦Î¬³ÖÉú³¤ÐèÒªµÄά³ÖÄÜÐèÇóºÍÌá¸ß²úµ°ËùÐèÄÜÁ¿£¬²¢ÔÚƽ¾ùÈÕÔöÖØ¡¢ËÇÁÏЧÂÊ¡¢²úµ°ÊýºÍ²úµ°Á¿¾ùÓÐÏÔÖøÌá¸ß£¬ÏÔÖøµØÌá¸ßÁ˼¦¶ÔÈȵÄÓ¦¼±ÄÜÁ¦[10]¡£

¶¯ÎﳦµÀÊÇÏû»¯ÎüÊÕµÄÖ÷Òª³¡Ëù£¬³¦±Úºñ¶È¡¢³¦±ÚÈÞëÊýÄ¿ºÍճĤÃæ»ý¾ùÄÜÓ°ÏìÓªÑøÎïÖʵÄÎüÊÕ´Ó¶øÓ°Ï춯ÎïµÄÉú³¤¡£Ù¡½¨Ã÷£¨1997£©ºÍ¬½¨¾ü£¨2007£©Ñо¿±íÃ÷[11-12]£¬¿¹ÉúËØÓÐÀûÓÚ³¦µÀϸ°û±ä±¡¡¢³¦µÀ£¨Ê®¶þÖ¸³¦¡¢¿Õ³¦¡¢»Ø³¦£©ÈÞëϸ°û±ä³¤¡¢ÓÐÀûÓÚÓªÑøÎïÖʵÄ˳ÀûÎüÊÕ¡£Kyriakis£¨1996£©µÈÑо¿±íÃ÷[13]£¬¶ÔÖí´Ó¶ÏÄÌ¿ªÊ¼ÖÁ100Ìì¡¢100-125Ìì¡¢125-156ÆÚ¼ä½øÐÐÊÔÑ飬·Ö±ðÔÚÈÕÁ¸ÖÐÌí¼Ó300/200/100ppmºÍ300/200/100ppmˮƽ½øÐÐËÇ飬Á½×é¼ÁÁ¿Ë®Æ½ÔÚÊÔÑéÆÚ¼ä¶ÔÖíƽ¾ùÈÕÔöÖØ·Ö±ðΪ21%ºÍ30%¡¢Æ½¾ùÈÕËÇÁÏÉãÈëÁ¿·Ö±ðÔö¼Ó7%ºÍ10%¡¢µ¥Î»ÌåÖØËÇÁÏÀûÓÃÂÊ£¨ËÇÁÏת»¯ÂÊ£©¼õÉÙ10%ºÍ16%¡£ÔÚ¼ÒÇÝÉÏ£¬¸Ë¾úëÄп¶ÔÈÕÁä1¡«35ÌìµÄ¼ÒÇÝ£¬´ÙÉú³¤ÂÊΪ2.3%¡«6.0%£¬ËÇÁÏת»¯Ð§ÂÊΪ0%¡«5.5%[10]¡£

ÑǼ׻ùË®ÑîËá¸Ë¾úëĺ͸˾úëÄпÔÚÔ¤·ÀºÍ¿ØÖƳ¦µÀ¼²²¡·½Ã棬Ҳ¾ßÓм«ÆäÖØÒªµÄ×÷Óá£PRESCOTTµÈ(1978)Ñо¿±íÃ÷[14]£¬ÔÚС¼¦ËÇÑø¹ý³ÌÖУ¬ÒԸ˾úëÄпŨ¶ÈΪ200mg/galºÍ400mg/galµÄÒûÓÃˮȫ³Ì¸øС¼¦ÒûÓÃʱ£¬¿ÉÒÔ¿ØÖÆÓɲúÆø¼ÔĤËó¾ú£¨Clostridium perfringens£©ÒýÆðµÄ»µËÀÐÔ³¦Ñ×£¬ÒԸ˾úëÄпŨ¶ÈΪ100mg/galÒûÓÃË®ÒûÓÃʱ£¬¿ÉÔ¤·À¼¦»µËÀÐÔ³¦Ñ׵ķ¢Éú¡£¼ÓÄôóBrennanµÈ(2003)Ñо¿±íÃ÷[15]£¬ÔÚÈ⼦ËÇÁÏÖÐÌí¼ÓÑǼ׻ùË®ÑîËá55ppm£¬¶Ô¸ÐȾ½ÓÖÖ²úÆø¼ÔĤËó¾úµÄÈ⼦½øÐлµËÀÐÔ³¦Ñ×Ñо¿£¬ÊÔÑé½øÐÐ41Ììºó£¬¿Õ°×¶ÔÕÕ×飨δ¸ÐȾ²¡¾úδÓÃÒ©×飩ºÍ½Ó²¡¾ú¶ÔÕÕ×飨½ÓÖÖ¸ÐȾ²¡¾úδÓÃÒ©×飩È⼦ÓÉ»µËÀÐÔ³¦Ñ×µ¼ÖµÄËÀÍöÂÊ·Ö±ðΪ2.87%ºÍ4.68%£»Ò©Îï´¦Àí×éµÄËÀÍöÂÊΪ0.25%¡£½á¹û±íÃ÷£¬ÑǼ׻ùË®ÑîËá¿ÉÓÐЧ¿ØÖÆÓɲúÆø¼ÔĤËó¾úÒýÆðµÄ»µËÀÐÔ³¦Ñס£

FDA£¨1991£©×ÊÁÏÏÔʾ [16]£¬·Ö±ðÔÚÒÁÀûŵ˹ÖÝ¡¢Ã÷ÄáËÕ´ïÖÝ¡¢ ÃÜËÕÀïÖݺÍÄÚ²¼À­Ë¹¼ÓÖÝËĸöÖݵÄÖí³§½øÐÐÑǼ׻ùË®ÑîËá¸Ë¾úëÄ¿ØÖÆ×ÐÖíËó¾úÐÔ³¦Ñ×ÊÔÑ飬ÔÚ³¦Ñ××ÔÈ»±¬·¢µÄÇé¿öÏ£¬ÔÚÔÐÖí·ÖÃäÇ°14Ìì×î¶àÖÁ18Ì죬·ÖÃäºó21Ì죬ÒÔº¬250g/tÑǼ׻ùË®ÑîËá¸Ë¾úëĵÄËÇÁÏËÇιÔÐÖí£¬ËĸöÖí³¡×жÔÕÕ×éÖíËÀÍöÂÊ·Ö±ðΪ27.3%¡¢21.1%¡¢25.4%ºÍ22.2%£¬ÓÃÒ©×éÒÀ´ÎΪ2.0%¡¢7.2%¡¢0.0%ºÍ1.5£¬ÇÒÓÃÒ©×鸹кÂÊÃ÷ÏÔµÍÓÚ¶ÔÕÕ×é¡£½á¹û±íÃ÷£¬ËÇιº¬250g/tÑǼ׻ùË®ÑîËá¸Ë¾úëĵÄËÇÁϸø³¦Ñ×±¬·¢µÄÖíȦÔÐÖí£¬ÓÐÏÔÖøµÄ¿ØÖÆ×ÐÖíµÄËÀÍöÂʺ͸¹ÐºÂÊ¡£

5 ¸Ë¾úëÄÀàËÇÁÏÌí¼Ó¼ÁÔÚ¹úÄÚÍâÉú²úʹÓÃÇé¿ö

Ä¿Ç°£¬¸Ë¾úëĵÄÉú²ú¾úÖ÷ÒªÊǵØÒÂÑ¿æ߸˾úëÄ£¬Fr?ysh?v£¨1977£©Ö¸³öµØÒÂÑ¿æ߸˾úÊÇÒѾ­±»³ÐÈϵݲȫÉú²ú¾úÖÖ[17]¡£

´Ó¹úÄÚÍâ¸Ë¾úëÄпºÍÑǼ׻ùË®ÑîËá¸Ë¾úëÄÉÏÊÐÒ»Ö±µ½ÏÖÔÚ£¬¹úÄÚÍâµÄ²úÆ·¾ùΪȫ·¢½ÍµÄÔ¤»ì¼Á²úÆ·£¬Æ乤ÒÕÁ÷³Ì¾ù´óÖÂΪ£º

¶¹ÆÉ¡¢ÓñÃ×µí·Û¡¢¿óÎïÖʵȷ¢½ÍÔ­ÁÏ ¡ú ½Á°è¡¢Ãð¾ú¡¢½ÓÖÖµØÒÂÑ¿æ߸˾úëÄ·¢½Í ¡ú

·¢½Í¹ý³Ì£º¼ÓÏûÅݼÁ¡¢¿ØÖÆζÈ¡¢µªÔ´¡¢½Á°è ¡ú µØÒÂÑ¿æ߸˾úÔöÖ³¹ý³Ì£º£¨1£©½«µ°°×ת»¯³É°±»ùËá¡¢µí·Ûת»¯³Éµ¥ÌÇ£»£¨2£©ÓÕµ¼²úÉú¸Ë¾úëĺϳÉø£»£¨3£©²úÉú¸Ë¾úëÄ ¡ú ·¢½Í½áÊø£º¸Ë¾úÌå+µØÒÂÑ¿æ߸˾úϸ°û+·¢½Í²ÐÎï ¡ú ·´Ó¦ÂçºÏ ¡ú ÅçÎí¸ÉÔï¡¢»ìºÏ ¡ú °ü×° ¡ú ¼ìÑé¡£

¹úÄÚÉú²ú¸Ë¾úëÄÀàËÇÁϲúÆ·µÄ³§¼ÒÖ÷ÒªÓÐ3¼Ò£¬ÆÖ³Çimµç¾º¹É·ÝÓÐÏÞ¹«Ë¾Äê²úÄÜÁ¦´ïµ½24000-26000¶Ö¡£¹úÍâÉú²ú³§¼ÒÖ÷ҪΪÃÀ¹úÑÅÀ´Ò©³§£¬2011ÄêÏÖÒѱ»»ÔÈð¹«Ë¾ÊÕ¹º¡£ÆÖ³Çimµç¾º¹É·ÝÓÐÏÞ¹«Ë¾¸Ë¾úëÄÀà²úÆ·³ö¿ÚÁ¿Ô¼Õ¼¹úÄÚͬÀà²úÆ·³ö¿ÚÁ¿60%£¬³ö¿ÚµÄ¸Ë¾úëÄпԤ»ì¼ÁºÍÑǼ׻ùË®ÑîËá¸Ë¾úëÄÔ¤»ì¼ÁÄêÏúÊÛ¶îÔÚ2ÒÚ¡«3ÒÚÈËÃñ±Ò¡£

ÓÉÓڸ˾úëÄÏà¶ÔÆäËû¿¹ÉúËØ´ÙÉú³¤¼ÁÐԼ۱ȸß¡¢¸ü¼Ó»·±£°²È«µÈÔ­Òò£¬ÃÀ¹ú¡¢¼ÓÄô󡢰ÍÎ÷¡¢ÒÔÉ«ÁС¢°Ä´óÀûÑÇ¡¢ÂíÀ´Î÷ÑÇ¡¢Ó¡¶ÈµÈºÍÖйú´ó½¼°Ïã¸ÛµØÇø£¬ÖÁ½ñÒ»Ö±ÔÚÐóÇÝÑøÖ³ÖÐʹÓø˾úëÄпԤ»ì¼ÁºÍÑǼ׻ùË®ÑîËá¸Ë¾úëÄÔ¤»ì¼Á×÷Ϊ´ÙÉú³¤¼ÁʹÓá£

6 ¸Ë¾úëÄпÓëÑǼ׻ùË®ÑîËá¸Ë¾úëÄδÀ´

Ò»ÖÖÀíÏëµÄ¿¹ÉúËØ´ÙÉú³¤¼ÁÓ¦¸Ã¾ß±¸£º£¨1£©Ã÷ÏÔÌá¸ß¾­¼ÃЧӦ£»£¨2£©ÓëÆäËû¿¹ÉúËز»²úÉú½»²æ¿¹ÐÔ£»£¨3£©²»Ê¹Î¢ÉúÎïµÄ¿¹ÐÔתÒÆ£»£¨4£©²»ÆÆ»µ¶¯ÎïÕý³£³¦µÀµÄ΢ÉúÎï¾úȺ£»£¨5£©¶ÔÈËÀà»ò¶¯ÎïûÓлò¾ßÓв¿·ÖÖÎÁÆ×÷Ó㻣¨6£©ÔÚ¶¯ÎﳦµÀÖв»±»ÎüÊÕ£»£¨7£©²»»á¶Ô¶¯ÎïÖ°©»òÖÂÍ»±ä£»£¨8£©²»»áÔì³É»·¾³µÄÎÛȾ£»£¨9£©ÔÚÒÔÕý³£¼ÁÁ¿Ë®Æ½ÏµÄÐí¶à±¶Ê¹ÓÃʱ£¬²»»á¶ÔÈËÀàºÍ¶¯Îï²úÉú¶¾ÐÔ¡£

×۹۸˾úëÄпºÍÑǼ׻ùË®ÑîËá¸Ë¾úëĵÄÌØÐÔ£¬ÍêÈ«·ûºÏÉÏÊöÌõ¼þ£¬ËùÒԸ˾úëÄпºÍÑǼ׻ùË®ÑîËá¸Ë¾úëÄÊÇΪÊý²»¶àµÄÀíÏëµÄ¿¹ÉúËØÀà´ÙÉú³¤ËÇÁÏÌí¼Ó¼ÁÖ®Ò»¡£ÔÚ½ñºóÈô¸ÉÄ꣬¸Ë¾úëÄпºÍÑǼ׻ùË®ÑîËá¸Ë¾ú뼫»á¼ÌÐø×÷ΪÔÊÐíʹÓõĿ¹ÉúËØ×÷´ÙÉú³¤ÓõĹú¼Ò»òµØÇøÀíÏëÑ¡ÔñµÄ¿¹ÉúËØ´ÙÉú³¤¼Á¡£

²Î¿¼ÎÄÏ×

[1] Jerry Mathers. Bacitracin-Natural Peptide with Minimal Resistance Issues. Alpharma's Swine Enteric Health Symposium. 2008. http://alpharmaswine.com/products/files/Swine%20Files/Symposia /Mathers.pdf

[2] Richard H. Adler and John E. Snoke. REQUIREMENT OF DIVALENT METAL IONS FOR BACITRACIN ACTIVITY [J]. J. Bacteriol. 1961, 83:1315¨C1317.

[3] Siewert G and Strominger J L. BACITRACIN: AN INHIBITOR OF THE DEPHOSPHORYLATION OF

LIPID PYROPHOSPHATE,AN INTERMEDIATE IN THE BIOSYNTHESIS OF THE  PEPTIDO

-GLYCAN OF BACTERIAL CELL WALLS [J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1967, 57(3): 767-773.

[4] Froyshov O, Pedersen S and Hove K. Absorption, metabolism and excretion of zinc 14C-bacitracin fed to

young pigs[J]. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition. 1986, 55: 100¨C110. 

[5] Scudi JV, Clift ME and Krueger RA Some pharmacological characteristics of bacitracin. II. Absorption and excretion of bacitracin in the dog[J]. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1947, 65: 9. 

[6] FDA.CenterofVeterinary Medicine: Freedom of information summary, NADA 046¨C592, bacitracin methylene disalicylate food and drug administration, Washington D. C. 1999.

[7] ³Â¼ªºì£¬ÅÓÓñºì£¬¹ùÈÙ¸»£®¸Ë¾úëÄпÔÚÐóÇÝÖеÄÓ¦Óü°Æ䰲ȫÐÔÆÀ¼Û[J]£®ÖйúËÇÁÏ£¬2004,9: 28-33.

[8] FDA. ENVIRONMENTAL  ASSESSMENT (NADA 046-592), 1998, 593-611.

[9] Avcare. The role of enteric antibiotics in livestock production. Review by Avcare, Advanced

Veterinary Therapeutics. Accessed April, 2003. http://www.animalhealthalliance.org.au/files/Animal

health/information/The%20Role%20of%20enteric%20antibiotics%20in%20livestock%20production.pdf

[10] M?nner, K, and K. Wang. Effectiveness of zinc bacitracin on production traits and energy metabolism of heatstressed hens compared with hens kept under moderate temperature[J]. Poult. Sci. 1991, 70: 2139¨C2147.

[11] Ù¡½¨Ã÷£®ËÇÓÿ¹ÉúËØ´ÙÉú³¤»úÀíÑо¿½øÕ¹[J]£®¹úÍâÐóÄÁ¿Æ¼¼£¬1997£¬24£¨6£©£º2-5.

[12] Â¬½¨¾ü£¬Ðíè÷ÈÙ£®ÈÕÁ¸¿¹ÉúËØÓ°Ïì¶ÏÄÌ×ÐÖí³¦µÀ½á¹¹µÄ»úÀíÑо¿[J]£®Õ㽭ũҵѧ±¨£¬2007£¬19£¨1£©£º15-19.

[13] Kyriakis SC, Tsinas A, Lekkas S, Sarris K and Bourtzi-Hatzopoulou E Clinical evaluation of in feed zinc bacitracin for the control of porcine intestinal adenomatosis in growing/fattening pigs[J]. Veterinary Record. 1996, 138: 489¨C492. 

[14]PRESCOTTJ F, SIVENDRA R AND BARNUM D A. The use of Bacitracin in the Prevention and Treatment of Experimentally-induced Necrotic Enteritis in the Chicken[J].Can.vet. J. 1978,19:181-183

[15] Brennan J, Skinner J, Barnum D A and Wilson J. The Efficacy of Bacitracin Methylene Disalicylate when Fed in Combination¡¡with arasin in the Management of Necrotic Enteritis in Broiler Chickens[J]. Poultry Science. 2003, 82:360-363.

[16] FDA)CenterofVeterinary Medicine: Freedom of Information Summary, NADA 046¨C592, Bacitracin Methylene Disalicylate Food and Drug Administration,WashingtonD.C.1991.

[17] Froyshov. The production of bacitracin synthetase by Bacillus licheniformis ATCC 10716[J]. FEBS Letters. 1977, 81: 315-318.